A-Class pages are high-quality educational resources characterized by their comprehensiveness, engaging style, intuitive structure, and supportive materials. They are designed to provide an enjoyable learning experience, validated through feedback from target audiences and knowledgeable reviewers.

"An A-Class page on machine learning would include detailed explanations of algorithms, illustrative examples, graphs, and exercises for readers to apply their knowledge. It would be structured logically, making it easy for learners to navigate through complex concepts and find relevant information quickly."

In formal logic, a boolean variable is a variable that can take on one of only two possible values: "true" or "false". Boolean expressions can be evaluated to one of these two values, similar to how algebraic expressions evaluate to a numerical value. Boolean values can be manipulated using operators such as AND, OR, NOT, and XOR, a field known as Boolean algebra. Due to their binary nature, boolean variables cannot express uncertainty directly and require alternative representations such as probabilities.

"An example of a boolean variable could be a light switch, which can either be 'ON' (true) or 'OFF' (false). The expression for the state of multiple switches can be represented using boolean logic, such as 'Light is ON if Switch 1 OR Switch 2 is ON.'"

A heuristic is a mental shortcut or strategy used for problem-solving and decision-making that emphasizes speed and ease rather than rigorous accuracy, often leading to biases.

"An example of a heuristic is the availability heuristic, where individuals base their judgments on how easily examples come to mind, such as judging the likelihood of an event based on recent news reports rather than statistical data."

Hiring refers to the process of finding, evaluating, and selecting candidates for employment within an organization. This process often involves job postings, interviews, and assessments to ensure that the right individuals are chosen based on qualifications and fit for the company culture.

"A company conducts interviews for a software developer position, assessing candidates' technical skills and cultural fit before making a hiring decision."

Lifelogging is the practice of intentionally recording personal experiences, activities, and events, often using digital tools, for various purposes, including self-improvement, health monitoring, or just as a digital archive of one's life.

"An individual uses a smartwatch to track their daily steps, heart rate, and physical activities, compiling this information into a comprehensive digital diary to monitor their health and fitness progress over time."

Ciphergoth is a user on LessWrong.com known for contributions related to rationality and AI alignment discussions. The term highlights the intersection of cryptography, personal identity, and online community engagement in intelligent discourse.

"An example of Ciphergoth's influence can be seen in discussions about ethical considerations in AI development, where they emphasize the importance of transparency and accountability."

Algorithms are systematic procedures or formulas used to solve problems or make decisions based on specific inputs and rules. They guide the process of decision-making in various contexts, particularly in Artificial Intelligence and data analysis.

"An example of an algorithm is the 'A* search algorithm', which is widely used in pathfinding and graph traversal to identify the most efficient route from a starting point to a destination."

Consensus refers to a general or full agreement among members of a group, often utilized for establishing truths or making decisions. It is important to distinguish between genuine consensus and false consensus, where a claimed agreement does not truly exist, or false controversy, where something assumed to be debated is actually agreed upon.

"For instance, in scientific fields, a consensus may exist around climate change and its human causes, while individuals outside of the scientific community might falsely claim that there is significant doubt or disagreement on the matter."

Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 is a strain of the influenza virus primarily found in birds, which can also infect mammals, including humans, after exposure to infected birds. This virus is known for causing severe illness and has a high mortality rate in infected individuals.

"An outbreak of H5N1 in domestic birds led to several cases of severe respiratory illness in local farmers who handled the infected birds, demonstrating its zoonotic potential."

In AI alignment theory, a 'pivotal act' refers to actions that significantly enhance the long-term positive outcomes for humanity, particularly over a billion-year time scale. It contrasts with existential catastrophes, which denote events that could lead to detrimental outcomes. Proper identification of pivotal acts is critical for effective AI governance, to avoid overextending concepts that might misrepresent their significance in advancing AI safety.

"An example of a pivotal act would be the successful development of a technology that enables fast and accurate uploading of human knowledge and decision-making processes into an AI system. This could significantly enhance our ability to solve complex AI alignment problems by providing a larger pool of educated minds working at an accelerated pace to ensure the safe development of advanced AI systems."